home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- _|_|_| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _|_|_| _| _|_|_|
- _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _|
- _|_| _| _|_|_| _| _| _| _| _|_|_| _|_|_| _| _|_|
- _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _|
- _| _|_|_| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _|_|_| _|_|_| _|_|_|
-
-
- _|_|_| _| _| _|_|_| _|_|_| _|_|_| _|_|_|
- _| _| _| _| _| _| _| _|
- _|_|_| _|_|_| _|_| _| _|_| _|_|_|
- _| _| _| _| _| _| _|
- _| _| _| _|_|_| _|_|_| _|_|_| _|_|_|
-
-
- http://www.pheces.org
- "The wise man doesn't give the right answers,
- he poses the right questions." - Claude Levi-Strauss
-
-
- ÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷
-
- Title: |||| Linux Modes (chmod) ||||
-
- Date: July 18, 1999
- Author: rootwurm
-
- ÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷
-
- the linux command prompt provides a whole lot of information right before your eyes.
- if you do a long listing of the files (ls -al) you'll see pretty much something like this:
-
- drwx--x--- 4 root root 1024 Jul 18 18:13 ./
- drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 1024 Jun 17 23:28 ../
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6543 Jul 18 19:15 .bash_history
-
- taking this apart we get:
-
- d rwx --x --- 4 root root 1024 Jul 18 18:13 ./
- ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^
- | | | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | | | the filename (or dir name)
- | | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | | the date the file was created (or modified)
- | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | the filesize
- | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | the group the file (or dir) belongs in)
- | | | | | |
- | | | | | the owner of the file (or dir)
- | | | | |
- | | | | the number of the files there are*
- | | | |
- | | | the permissions EVERYONE has on that file (or dir)
- | | |
- | | the permissions the group has
- | |
- | the permissions the owner of the file (or dir) has
- |
- it's a directory (notice .bash_history has no (d))
-
-
- * This i'm not really sure on yet. It looks to me like, it tells how many dirs are in
- the dir. sounds confusing, but there are actually 4 dirs in ./, and 21 dirs in ../
- beats me, but i've never had to use it.
-
-
- okay, with that understood, lets take a closer look at the file permissions (drwxr-xr-x)
-
- if the first letter is a _d_, it means the filename is a directory. if it's a - then its
- a normal file.
-
- the next three letters (or dashes) concern the permissons the owner has, the following
- three are the permissions the group has, and the final three are the permsissions that
- everyone has.
-
- there are four letters used in the file permissions:
- d = directory
- l = link (kinda like a shortcut...a symbolic link pointing to a file or dir)
- r = read
- w = write
- x = execute (for dirs, it means that person has access to it)
-
- you've seen HOWTO's and INSTALL's and README's and most every Perl script that tells you to
- 'chmod 777 file'. Well, so have i, but i've always wondered exactly what i'm doing.
-
- the chmod command is formated like so: chmod 000 file(or dir) and the three numbers represent
- | 0 owner | 0 group | 0 everyone |
-
- the chmod numbers correspond as follows:
- 1 = --x (execute (or read access if its a dir)
- 2 = -w- (write)
- 3 = -wx (execute (access, for dirs) write)
- 4 = r-- (read only)
- 5 = r-x (read execute or access for dirs :-)
- 6 = rw- (read-write)
- 7 = rwx (read-write-execute (or access)
-
- so if you 'chmod 777 filename.txt', then the permissions become: -rwxrwxrwx
- if you 'chmod 400 filename.txt', the permissions become: -r--------
- if you 'chmod 634 filename.txt', the permissions become: -rw--wxr--
- and so on.
-
- hope that helped you in understanding the prompt, permissions, and chmod.
-
-
-
- later,
-
- rootwurm
-
- (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#yep)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))